I have sometimes imagined a library, i.e. a collection of the works of true poets, philosophers, naturalists, etc., deposited not in a brick or marble edifice in a crowded and dusty city. . .but rather far away in the depths of a primitive forest. . .which the heroic student could reach only after adventures in the wilderness.

Henry David Thoreau, Journals

 
THE CLASSICK PAGES PROJECT
The Mind of the Past 

An Innermost House Library

The following is an account of the books that occupied the 144 square feet of the original Innermost House over its seven years of existence. The library was reviewed each year or two, when books were removed that proved unnecessary to the daily conversation the house enclosed. All texts were originally composed by the light of the same domesticated fire that warmed and illuminated the Innermost House, save only those few modern works that are added at the Virginia House to address changing cultural circumstances.

The selection is an entirely personal one developed over decades of married conversation, immersion in nature, and engagement with the world, all as aspects of a lifework of cultural, intellectual, and spiritual renewal. It was developed solely as a resource for private self-culture, independent of any university, cultural organization, religious association or political program. As a body, the books represent a living whole of literate, cosmopolitan civilization. Though individual texts were discussed and gathered into the library one-by-one, together they communicate a meaning irreducible to the sum of their severality.

In the house, the books were arranged in a complex of dimensions as a microcosm of one married, many-sided human mind, accessible by common nature to any individual. Together the books functioned as an interconnected whole, however luminous the separate parts may be. Of necessity, they are presented here as a single-dimensioned enumeration of authors and texts of which that complex oneness was composed. In context, every separate text served as a nerve ending to connect with the intelligence of the whole.

* Titles bearing an asterisk stand further from the fire, often outside the circle of continuous conversation, and were added incrementally as the library migrated from the domestic center at the Innermost House to the circumference at the Virginia House. That migration and elaboration is an ongoing exercise in holding the center against the forces of a centrifugal world.

INDIAN SUBCONTINENT

Vedas, scripture (second and first mil. BC)

Upanishads, scripture (c. 900-500 BC)

* Kanada (Vaisheshika Sutra), philosophy (c. 500-100 BC)  

Mahabharata, epic (c. 400 BC and after)

Ramayana of Valmiki, epic (c. 200 BC) 

Bhagavad Gita, religion/philosophy/scripture (c. 100 BC-100 AD)

Institutes of Manu, law (c. 200 BC-200 AD)

Patanjali (Yoga Sutras), philosophy/practice (c. 300)

The Samkhyakarika of Ishvara Krishna, philosophy (c. 350)

Vedanta-sutras, philosophy (c. 780-820)

Kalidasa, drama (c. 400)

The Little Clay Cart of Shudraka, romance (c. 400)

* Ānandavardhana (Dhvanyāloka, or "A Light on Suggestion"), philosophy (c. 820-890)

The Gitagovinda of Jayadeva, devotional poetry (c. 1100-1200) 

Pancatantra, fables (c. 1200) 

* Rabindranath Tagore, poetry and drama (1861-1941)

* Mohandas Gandhi (Autobiography), reformer (1869-1948)

Theravada Buddhism: 

The Tipitaka, scripture (c. 500 BC-100 AD)

The Dhammapada, scripture (c. 300 BC)

The Mahasatipatthana Sutta (Discourse on the Foundations of Mindfulness), scripture (c. 20 BC)

The Milindapanha (The Questions of King Milinda), scripture (c. 100)

Mahayana Buddhism:

Lotus Sutra, scripture (c. 50 BC-150 AD)  

The Prajnaparamita (Heart and Diamond Sutras), scripture (c. 100 BC-400 AD)

The Srimaladevisimhanada (The Lion's Roar of King Srimala), scripture (c. 200-300)

The Sukhavativyuha Sutras, scripture (c. 100-400)

Nagarjuna (The Philosophy of the Middle Way), philosophy (c.150-250)  

The Lankavatara Sutra, scripture (c. 350-400)

The Bodyicaryavatara of Shantideva (Entering the Path of Enlightenment), scripture (c. 650)

[Note: The Sacred Books of the East; A Sourcebook in Indian Philosophy, edited by Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan and Charles A. Moore, Princeton University Press, and other collections]

CHINA 

I Ching, divination/philosophy (c. 1000-200 BC)

Confucius, philosophy (551-479 BC)

Lao Tzu, philosophy (c. 6th/5th cn. BC)

Mo-tzu, philosophy (c. 400-300 BC)

Mencius, philosophy (c. 372-289 BC)

Chuang Tzu (c. 369-286 BC)

The Great Learning, philosophy 

The Mean, philosophy (c. 4th cn. BC)

Hsun Tzu (Xunzi), philosophy (c. 3rd cn. BC)

Han-fei-tzu, philosophy (c. 280-220 BC)

Ssu-ma Ch'ien (Records of the Grand Historian), history (c. 145-90 BC)

Song of the South, poetry collection (2nd cn.)

T'ang Poetry, poetry (618-705)

Book of Songs, poetry collection (6th c.)

Chu Hsi, philosophy (1130-1200) 

* Romance of the Three Kingdoms, novel (c. 1280-1400)

* Water Margin, novel (c. 1280-1400)

Wang Yang-ming, philosophy (1472-1529)  

* Journey to the West of Wu Ch'eng-en, novel (c. 1506-1581)

* Ts'ao Hsueh-ch'in (Dream of the Red Chamber), novel (d. 1763)

Note: The Four Books and the Five Classics of Confucianism (c. 6th-4th cn. BC)

Chinese Buddhism

Lotus Sutra, scripture (trans. c. 286-601)

Vimalakirti Sutra, scripture (trans. c. 5th cn.)

The Awakening of Faith in Mahayana, scripture (c. 499-569)

Surangama Sutra, Zen (Ch'an) scripture (c. 8th cn.)

Platform Sutra, Zen (Ch'an) scripture (c. 8th-13th cn.)

The Record of Lin-chi, Zen (Ch'an) sayings/scripture (d. 866)

[Note: The Sacred Books of the East and other collections]

JAPAN

Man'yo-shu, poetry anthology (compiled 770)

Kokinshu, poetry anthology, (compiled 905)

Sei Shonagon (Pillow Book), reflections and anecdotes (c. 966-1025) 

Kagerō Nikki, ("The Gossamer Years"), memoir (c. 974) 

Lady Murasaki (Tale of Genji), the world's first novel (c. 978-1016) 

Lady Sarashina (Sarashina Diary, or "As I Crossed a Bridge of Dreams"), memoir (b. 1008)

Japanese Buddhism

Kukai, philosophy (774-835)

Dogen, Zen philosophy (1200-1253)

Hakuin, Zen philosophy (1686-1769)

Kamo no Chomei (Ten Foot Square Hut) the original, classic tiny house tale (1153-1236)

Tale of the Heiki, Samurai war tales, (compiled before 1330)

Kenko (Essays in Idleness), reflections (1283-1350)  

Noh Plays and Critical Writings, Zeami Motokiyo and others, drama (1336-1573 and after)

* Saikaku, poetic fiction and creator of the "floating world" (1642-1693)

Basho, poetry and essays, (1644-1694)

Chikamatsu, Kabuki plays (1653-1725)

* Miyamoto Musashi (Book of Five Rings), strategy (1584-1645)

Yamamoto Tsunetomo (Hagakure, "The Way of the Samurai"), strategy and reflection (1716)

Treasury of Loyal Retainers, Samurai play (c. 1748)

* Natsume Soseki (Kokoro), novel (1867-1914)

Kakuzo Okakura (The Book of Tea), classic essay on tea ceremony (1906) 

MIDDLE EAST, AFRICA, AND ISLAM

* Epic of Gilgamesh, (c. 2100 BC)

Hebrew Bible (TANAKH)

* The Egyptian Book of the Dead (c. 1700 BC)

The Seven Odes, poetry collection (c. 6th and 7th cn.)

Qur’an, scripture (c. 609-632)

* Ibn Ishaq (Biography of Muhammad), biography (d. 761-767)

* Al-Farabi, philosophy (c.872-951)

The Maqumat of al-Hamadhani, satire (968-1008)

Ferdowsi (Shahnameh), epic (c. 977-1010)

Avicenna, philosophy (980-1087) 

Ibn Hazm (The Ring and the Dove), meditation on love (994-1064) 

The Assemblies of al-Hariri, stories (1054-1122)

Al-Ghazali (Deliverance from Error), spiritual autobiography (1058-1111)

Averroes (The Harmony of Religion and Philosophy), philosophy (1126-1198)

Attar (The Conference of the Birds), philosophical fable (c. 1140-1220)

* Nizami, narrative poetry (1141-1209) 

Rumi, poetry (1207-1273) 

* Ibn Tufayl, philosophical novel (c. 1105-1185)

Ibn al-‘Arabi, philosophy (1165-1240)

* The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, poetry (c. 11th cn.)

Saadi, poetry (c. 1210-1292)    

Hafez, poetry (1315-1390)

Ibn Khaldun (The Prolegomena), philosophy of history (1332-1406)

Yunus Emre, poetry (d. c. 1320)

* The Thousand and One Nights, tales (c. 14th cn.)

Fuzuli (Leyla and Mejnun), love story (1495-1556)

The Book of Dede Korkut, tales (c. 16th cn)

[Note: The Gibb Memorial Series]

JUDEA, GREECE, AND ROME

The Hebrew Bible (Tanakh)

The Bible

Homer (c. 8th cn. BC)

* Sappho (c. 630-570 BC)

Aeschylus (c. 525-455 BC)

Sophocles (c. 496-406 BC)

Euripides (c. 484-406 BC)

Herodotus (484-420 BC)

Thucydides (c. 460-400 BC)

Plato (c. 428-348 BC)

Aristotle (384-322 BC)

Euclid (325-265 BC)

Cicero (106 BC-43)

Lucretius (c. 99-55 BC)

Virgil (70-21 BC)

Seneca (c. 4 BC-65)

Plutarch (c. 50-125)

Tacitus (56-120)

Epictetus (c. 50-135)

Ptolemy (c. 100-c. 170)

Marcus Aurelius (121-180)

Plotinus (204-270)

St. Augustine (354-430)

[Note: the Loeb Classical Library, Everyman’s Library, the Great Books of the Western World, and other collections]

WESTERN EUROPE

Boethius (c. 480–524)

St. Benedict (480-550)

Maimonides (1138-1204)

Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274)

Dante Alighieri (1265-1321)

Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1340s-1400)

Niccolò Machiavelli (1469-1527)

Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543)

Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592)

Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616)

Francis Bacon (1561-1626)

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)

William Shakespeare (1564-1616)

Johannes Kepler (1571–1630)

Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)

René Descartes (1596-1650)

John Milton (1608-1674)

Moliere (1622-1673)

Blaise Pascal (1623-1662)

John Locke (1632-1704)

Isaac Newton (1643-1727)

Montesquieu (1689-1755)

David Hume (1711-1776)

Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)

Adam Smith (1723-1790)

Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)

Edward Gibbon (1737-1794)

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832)

* Nikolai Lobachevsky (1792-1856)

Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881)

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831)

Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860)

Charles Darwin (1809-1882)

Søren Kierkegaard (1813-1855)

Karl Marx (1818-1883)

Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900)

James Frazer (1854-1941)

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

* Henri Bergson (1859-1941)

Miguel de Unamuno (1864-1936)

* Carl Jung (1875-1961)

Albert Einstein (1879-1955)

José Ortega y Gasset (1883-1955)

* Martin Heidegger (1889-1976)

[Note: Everyman’s Library, The Great Books of the Western World, and other collections]

EARLY ENGLISH LITERATURE

Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales (c. 1387–1400)

* The Gawain‑Poet, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Pearl, Cleanness, Patience (late 14th c.)

William Langland, Piers Plowman (c. 1370s–1380s)

* Thomas Malory, Le Morte D’arthur (c. 1469–70; publ. 1485)

Richard Whitford, The Folowynge of Christ (1556)

* Geneva Bible (1560/1599)

Thomas Hoby, The Book of the Courtier (1561)

Arthur Golding, Ovid’s Metamorphoses (1567)

Thomas North, Plutarch’s Lives (1579)

* Thomas Newton et al (eds.), Seneca His Tenne Tragedies (1581)

Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene (1590, 1596)

* Philip Sidney, Defence of Poesy (c. 1580; publ. 1595)

Christopher Marlowe, Doctor Faustus (A‑text 1604)

* Thomas Nashe, Pierce Penniless, The Unfortunate Traveller (1592, 1594)

* Philemon Holland, Livy: The Romane Historie (1600)

John Florio, Montaigne’s Essays (1603)

John Donne, Poems and Sermons (early 17th c.)

George Chapman, Homer’s Iliads & Odyssey (1611; 1614–15)

King James Bible (Authorized Version) (1611)

Thomas Shelton, Don Quixote (1612, 1620)

Henry Peacham, The Compleat Gentleman (1622)

William Shakespeare, First Folio (1623)

* John Webster, The Duchess of Malfi (1614; publ. 1623)

Thomas Hobbes, Thucydides: Eight Bookes of the Peloponnesian Warre (1629)

George Herbert, The Temple (1633)

* Thomas Browne, Religio Medici, “Urn‑Burial” (1643, 1658)

* Izaak Walton, The Compleat Angler (1653)

John Bunyan, The Pilgrim’s Progress (1678)

John Dryden, The Works of Virgil (1697)

AMERICA

American State Papers (Washington, Jefferson, Madison, Hamilton, Jay, etc.)

Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)

Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882)

Alexis de Tocqueville (Democracy in America, 1805-1859)

Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865)

* Margaret Fuller (1810-1850)

Frederick Douglass (c. 1815-1895)

Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862)

John Muir (1838-1914)

William James (1842-1910)

* Booker T. Washington (1856-1915)

* Anna Julia Cooper (1858-1964)

W. E. B. Du Bois (1868-1963)

* Aldo Leopold (1887-1948)

* Zora Neale Hurston (1891-1960)

* Rachel Carson (1907-1964)

* Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-1968)

United States Supreme Court Decisions

[Note: the Library of America and other collections]

NATIVE AMERICAN INDIAN

* Great Law of Peace of the Iroquois Nations (c. 1450)

* Ellen Emerson, Indian Myths (1884)

* Samson Occom, The Autobiography of a Winnebago Indian (1907)

Charles Eastman (Ohiyesa) (1858-1935)

* Luther Standing Bear (1868 - 1939)

* Black Elk (Heȟáka Sápa) (1863-1950)

* Two Leggings: The Making of a Crow Warrior (William Wildschut transcribed, 1919; Peter Nabokov ed.)

* Kroeber, Theodora; Kroeber, Karl, Ishi in Two Worlds (1961)

* Joseph Medicine Crow, From the Heart of the Crow Country (2000)

MODERN NOVELISTS AND PLAYWRIGHTS 

Jonathan Swift (1667–1745)

Jane Austen (1775–1817)

* Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804–1864)

Charles Dickens (1812–1870)

Herman Melville (1819–1891)

Charlotte Bronte (1816-1855)

Emily Bronte (1818–1848)

George Eliot (1819–1880)

Fyodor Dostoevsky (1821–1881)

Leo Tolstoy 1828–1910)

Henrik Ibsen (1828–1906)

* Mark Twain (1835–1910)

Sarah Orne Jewett (1849-1909)

* Marcel Proust (1871–1922)

Willa Cather (1873–1947)

* Virginia Woolf (1882–1941)

* James Joyce (1882–1941)

Eugene O'Neill (1888–1953)

* Zora Neale Hurston (1891-1960)

* William Faulkner (1897–1962)

* Ernest Hemingway (1899–1961)

* Eudora Welty (1909-2001)

* Flannery O'Connor (1925-1964)

* Toni Morrison (1931-2019)

{Note: Everyman’s Library and other collections]

MODERN POETS

John Donne 

William Blake

William Wordsworth

Samuel Taylor Coleridge

Alfred, Lord Tennyson

Emily Dickinson

Walt Whitman 

Gerard Manley Hopkins  

William Butler Yeats

Rainer Maria Rilke

Robert Frost

* Wallace Stevens

Robinson Jeffers

T.S. Eliot   

* Langston Hughes

* Mary Oliver

[note: the New Oxford Book of English Verse, Stevenson's Home Book of Verse, and other collections]

MODERN ART AND ARCHITECTURAL THEORY

John Ruskin, The Seven Lamps of Architecture, The Stones of Venice (1849-1853)

Okakura Kakuzō, The Book of Tea (1906)

* Gaston Bachelard, Psychoanalysis of Fire (1934), The Poetics of Space (1957)

* Henry Chandlee Forman, Early Manor and Plantation Houses of Maryland (1934), and others

* John Reps, Tidewater Towns (1972), The Making of Urban America (1992), and others

* Yanagi Sōetsu, The Unknown Craftsman (1973)

Christopher Alexander, Timeless Way of Building (1977), Pattern Language (1979), Nature of Order (2004)

* Joseph Rykwert, On Adam’s House in Paradise (1981)

* David Shi, The Simple Life: Plain Living and High Thinking in American Culture (1985)

* Henry Glassie, Vernacular Architecture (2000)

* Cary Carson et al, The Chesapeake House (2013)

* Ansel Adams, photographs (1935-1979)

MODERN HISTORICAL SCHOLARSHIP

Jacob Burckhardt, The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy (1860)

* Wilhelm Windelband, A History of Philosophy (1901)

* Edward Granville Browne: A Literary History of Persia (1902)

* Evelyn Underhill, Mysticism (1911)

Rudolf Otto, The Idea of the Holy (1917)

* Johan Huizinga, The Waning of the Middle Ages (1919)

* Surendranath Dasgupta, A History of Indian Philosophy (1922)

Oswald Spengler, Decline of the West (1923)

* George Sansom, A Cultural History of Japan (1931)

Werner Jaeger, Paideia (1939)

* Aldous Huxley, The Perennial Philosophy (1945)

Gregory Dix, The Shape of the Liturgy (1945)

* Arnold Toynbee, A Study of History (1934-1961)

* Frederick Copleston, The History of Philosophy (1946-1975)

* Joseph Campbell, The Hero with a Thousand Faces (1949)

Alfred Foucher, The Life of the Buddha according to the Ancient Texts and Monuments of India (1949)

* Erich Neumann, The Origins and History of Consciousness (1949)

* Karl Jaspers, Origin and Goal of History (1953)

Mircea Eliade, The Sacred and the Profane (1959)

* Joseph Needham, Science and Civilisation in China (1954-1995)

* Marshall G. S. Hodgson, The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilization (1974)

* Paul Edwards, ed., The Encyclopedia of Philosophy (1967)

* Pierre Hadot, Philosophy as a Way of LIfe (1981)

* David Shi, The Simple Life: Plain Living and High Thinking in American Culture (1985)

* Albert Hourani, A History of the Arab Peoples (1991)

MODERN REFERENCE: The Final Leaves of a Gathering

Encyclopaedia Britannica, Eleventh Edition with Supplements (1910-1926)

Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics (Hastings, 1908-1927)

The Historical Atlas, William R. Shepherd (1911, 1926)

The Times Survey Atlas of the World (1920, 1967)

* The Jewish Encyclopedia (1901-1906)

* The Catholic Encyclopedia (1907-1914)

* The Encyclopedia of Islam (1913-1936)

* The Cambridge Modern History (1902-1912)

* The Cambridge Medieval History (1911-1936)

* The Cambridge Ancient History (1924-1939)

* The Cambridge History of English Literature (1907-1921)

Oxford English Dictionary, First Edition (1888-1933)

Merriam Webster New International Dictionary, Second Edition (1934)  

English Etymology (Skeat, Oxford, 1910) 

The King’s English (H. W. Fowler, Second Edition, 1908)

Greek-English Lexicon (Liddell & Scott, 1843)

Oxford Latin Dictionary (1879)

Hebrew and English Lexicon (Brown Driver Briggs, 1906)

A Sanskrit-English Dictionary, (Monier Monier-Williams, 1899)

* Matthews' Chinese–English Dictionary (J. H. Matthews 1931)

* A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages (Carl Darling Buck, 1949)

Dictionary of the Bible (Hastings, 1898-1904)

The Interlinear Hebrew-Aramaic Old Testament (Green, 1997)

The Interlinear KJV: Parallel New Testament in Greek and English (Berry, 1897)

Bible Commentary (Jamieson Fausset Brown, 1871)

Strong's Concordance of the Bible (1890)

The Englishman’s Hebrew Concordance of the Old Testament (Wigram, 1843)

The Englishman’s Greek Concordance of the New Testament (Wigram, 1839, 1903)

Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Thayer, 1896)

* Harvard Concordance to Shakespeare (Marvin Spevack, 1974)